Black list costs, crypto-assets and permanent establishment: new rules to encourage investments (and guarantee taxation)

The 2023 Budget Law introduces tax innovations to attract investments and guarantee taxation:

Costs from non-cooperative countries: deductible within the normal value, unless proof of economic interest.
Investment Management Exemption: avoids the creation of permanent establishments for foreign investment vehicles.
Crypto-assets: capital gains taxed at 26%, exempt under 2,000 euros per year.
These measures aim to balance economic development and combat tax avoidance.